读《金融时报》学英文写作：巧用同位语与插入语，让你的文章更流畅自然

写英语作文时，很多同学习惯把信息一句话全部挤在一起，结果句子又长又乱。其实有一个非常实用的写作技巧——同位语和插入语——能让你的文章信息密度更高、结构更清晰、读起来更像地道英语。

今天我们从FT一篇关于美国股市的文章中学几组精彩的同位语和插入语用法。

一、FT原文精选

原文1
”The blue-chip S&P 500 closed flat and the technology-focused Nasdaq Composite inched 0.2 per cent higher after both indices hit new all-time highs.”

原文2
”The dollar index, which measures the greenback against major currencies, rose 0.2 per cent on Tuesday as jitters increased about the Fed’s next move.”

原文3
”Brent crude, the international oil benchmark, gained 0.6 per cent to $75.13 a barrel.”

原文4
”The yield on the benchmark 10-year US Treasury note, which moves inversely to its price, was flat at 1.48 per cent.”

二、为什么好？

这里包含两种核心结构：

1. 同位语（Appositive） — 用一个名词或名词短语对前面的名词进行补充说明

原文3中，“Brent crude, the international oil benchmark, gained…” 这里的 the international oil benchmark 就是一个同位语，直接解释了”布伦特原油”是什么。

2. 非限制性定语从句（插入式） — 用 which 从句插入句子中间，增加额外信息

原文2中，“The dollar index, which measures the greenback against major currencies, rose…” 这里的 which measures... 就是一个插入式的定语从句。

这两种结构的共同点是：增加信息量，但不增加句子复杂感。读者读完主干（主谓宾）后，核心信息已经清楚，插入的部分只是提供背景或补充说明。

三、学生常见写法 vs FT升级写法

学生常见写法	FT式升级写法	升级点
Brent crude is the international oil benchmark. It gained 0.6% to $75.13.	Brent crude, the international oil benchmark, gained 0.6% to $75.13.	同位语合并两个短句，更紧凑
The dollar index rose 0.2%. It measures the greenback against major currencies.	The dollar index, which measures the greenback against major currencies, rose 0.2%.	非限制性定语从句插入，信息密度更高
The 10-year US Treasury note is a benchmark. Its yield was flat at 1.48%.	The yield on the benchmark 10-year US Treasury note, which moves inversely to its price, was flat at 1.48%.	同位语+定语从句双重升级
The S&P 500 closed flat. The Nasdaq also rose 0.2%. They both hit new highs.	The blue-chip S&P 500 closed flat and the technology-focused Nasdaq Composite inched 0.2 per cent higher after both indices hit new all-time highs.	用同位语（blue-chip / technology-focused）精简描述+信息合并

四、模板与例句

模板1：同位语补充说明

结构：[名词A], [名词/名词短语 (同位语)], [谓语]…

例句：

Beijing, a city of over 20 million people, is facing increasing traffic challenges.
My English teacher, a graduate of Oxford University, helped me improve my writing.
The novel, a best-seller in 2020, has been translated into 15 languages.

模板2：插入式定语从句

结构：[名词], which [动词短语], [谓语]…

例句：

Social media, which connects billions of people, also has a dark side.
The new policy, which aims to reduce carbon emissions, will take effect next year.
Online learning, which gained popularity during the pandemic, is here to stay.

模板3：两者组合

结构：[名词], [同位语] + which [从句], [谓语]…

例句：

ChatGPT, an AI chatbot which can generate human-like text, has changed how students write essays.
The Great Wall, a UNESCO World Heritage site which dates back to the 7th century BC, attracts millions of tourists every year.

五、写作小贴士

不要过度使用：一篇作文中用1-2次同位语和1-2次插入式从句就足够，用多了反而显得刻意。
确保主干完整：去掉同位语或插入的从句后，剩下的主谓宾必须是一个完整的句子。
选择合适位置：插入的信息最好是对前面名词的解释或背景信息，不要把关键信息放在插入语里。

厦门灯塔 · 专业英语作文逐句批改 | 微信 linstudio799

读《金融时报》学英文写作：巧用同位语与插入语，让你的文章更流畅自然