你有没有在作文里反复写 will 和 deal with？这两个词本身没错，但考场上90%的学生都在用，阅卷老师看到”疲劳”是必然的。
真正拉开差距的，不是生僻词，而是那些”看似简单，但大多数中国学生想不起来用”的地道搭配。它们让你一句话从”说得对”变成”说得好”。
今天我们从FT一篇关于芯片短缺蔓延至采矿业的报道中，提取4个实用表达。每一个都适合高考、雅思和大学英语写作中的描述趋势、分析影响、讨论挑战类话题。
Part 1：先读原文
The chip shortage squeezing global carmakers is set to spread to the natural resources sector, the chief executive of Russian gold miner Polymetal has warned, adding to inflationary pressures already afflicting the industry.
He said supply-chain problems facing the likes of Toyota would soon hit makers of mining vehicles and machinery.
The comments come as the global mining industry grapples with higher costs for raw materials such as diesel and steel, as well as wage inflation.
中文对照：
俄罗斯黄金矿商Polymetal首席执行官警告称，冲击全球汽车制造商的芯片短缺将蔓延至自然资源行业，加剧本已困扰该行业的通胀压力。
他表示，丰田等公司面临的供应链问题将很快冲击采矿车辆和机械制造商。
他发表上述言论之际，全球矿业正在艰难应对柴油、钢铁等原材料成本上涨以及工资上涨等问题。
Part 2：4个高分表达详解
一、be set to — 即将/势必
原文出处： The chip shortage ... is set to spread to the natural resources sector
为什么好： 学生写”即将”只会用 will 或 be going to。而 be set to 不仅有”即将发生”的含义，还暗含”势在必行”的意味——比 will 更有力度，是外刊描述趋势的标配表达，雅思写作Task 1高频推荐使用。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| The number of users will increase. | The number of users is set to rise sharply. |
| The company will launch a new product. | The company is set to launch a new product next quarter. |
模板：
[Subject] is set to [verb phrase]
造句练习：
China’s artificial intelligence market is set to overtake the US in size within the next five years. （中国人工智能市场的规模将在未来五年内超越美国。）
二、the likes of — 诸如此类的
原文出处： supply-chain problems facing the likes of Toyota would soon hit makers of mining vehicles
为什么好： 举例子时学生只会 such as 或 like。但 the likes of 更正式，在议论文中举出代表性案例时显得更有分量。它尤其适合列举知名机构、人物、公司作为例证。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| Many tech companies such as Apple and Google… | Many tech companies, including the likes of Apple and Google… |
| Famous scientists like Newton and Einstein… | The likes of Newton and Einstein changed our understanding of the universe. |
模板：
[Broad category], including the likes of [Example A] and [Example B], …
造句练习：
The event attracted entrepreneurs from around the world, including the likes of Elon Musk and Jack Ma. （这场活动吸引了来自世界各地的企业家，包括马斯克和马云等知名人士。）
三、grapple with — 努力应对（困境）
原文出处： the global mining industry grapples with higher costs for raw materials
为什么好： 写”应对困难”时学生最爱用 deal with 和 face。但 grapple with 原意是”扭打、搏斗”，用在抽象意义上表示”艰难应对”，比 deal with 生动得多，自带”在逆境中挣扎前进”的画面感。这是外刊描写各类挑战的经典用词。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| The country is dealing with environmental problems. | The country is grappling with severe environmental problems. |
| Many students face the problem of stress. | Many students grapple with the challenges of academic pressure and time management. |
模板：
[Subject] grapples with [difficult situation/problem]
造句练习：
Many small businesses are grappling with rising rents and labor shortages in the post-pandemic era. （许多小企业正在后疫情时期艰难应对上涨的租金和劳动力短缺。）
四、afflict — 困扰、折磨
原文出处： inflationary pressures already afflicting the industry
为什么好： 当一个负面情况持续”困扰”某个群体或行业时，学生只会写 trouble。而 afflict 是外刊高频词，意为”使遭受痛苦/困扰”，语气比 trouble 强，比 affect 精准——它专门用在负面语境中。这个词在描述社会问题、环境危机、经济挑战时尤其好用。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| The problem troubles many countries. | Many countries are afflicted by this problem. |
| Air pollution affects the city. | The city has long been afflicted by severe air pollution. |
模板：
[Subject] is/was afflicted by/with [negative condition]
造句练习：
The region has long been afflicted by drought, forcing thousands of farmers to abandon their land. （该地区长期遭受干旱困扰，迫使数千农民放弃土地。）
小结：怎么把这4个表达用起来？
| 表达 | 替换对象 | 最适合话题 |
|---|---|---|
| be set to | will / be going to | 趋势描述（科技、经济、教育） |
| the likes of | such as / like | 举例论证（任何议论文） |
| grapple with | deal with / face | 挑战类话题（环境、成长、社会问题） |
| afflict | trouble / affect (负面) | 问题分析（社会、环境、经济） |
下次写作文，试着把其中1-2个自然地替换掉你的”常规词”。不需要四个全用上——一篇作文能准确使用2-3个地道表达，就已经让阅卷老师眼前一亮了。
记住：高分从不靠堆砌生僻词，而是靠精准、地道、有画面感的动词和结构。
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