每次写”上升/下降”，你还在用 increase / decrease 吗？
这两个词没错，但英语写作里，精准的动词比泛泛的动词更能让阅卷老师眼前一亮。今天我们从FT一篇关于苹果季度财报的报道中，提取5个可以直接用在考场作文里的表达。
Apple posted double-digit growth in the first quarter of 2021 in all of its businesses, led by iPhone sales that surged by two-thirds from a year ago.
The world’s most valuable publicly listed company said revenue was up 54 per cent in its fiscal quarter to $89.6bn, far exceeding already elevated forecasts. Net profits jumped 110 per cent to $23.6bn.
Mac sales grew 70 per cent to $9.1bn and iPad sales surged 79 per cent to $7.8bn.
With cash continuing to pile up on its balance sheet, Apple announced a $90bn share buyback programme.
苹果在2021年第一季度所有业务均实现两位数增长，其中iPhone销售额同比增长三分之二。
这家全球市值最高的上市公司表示营收增长54%至896亿美元，远超已经上调的预期。净利润飙升110%至236亿美元。
1. Surge — 猛增，比 increase 有冲击力
原文出处： iPhone sales that surged by two-thirds from a year ago 中文解释： surge 指”急剧上升、激增”，比 increase 更有画面感——像是潮水涌来一样。用在数据变化时，能立刻让读者感受到”增长幅度很大”。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| The number of users increased. | The number of users surged. |
| Sales increased by 50%. | Sales surged by 50%. |
模板： [Subject] surged by [number] per cent / to [value]
例句： The popularity of online learning surged during the pandemic, attracting millions of new users.
2. Jump — 跳跃式增长，比 rise 更生动
原文出处： Net profits jumped 110 per cent to $23.6bn 中文解释： jump 字面意思是”跳”，用来描述数据时暗示”突然大幅增长”。它比 rise / grow 更口语化也更生动，适合用在议论文的论据段。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| The number increased sharply. | The figure jumped to a record high. |
| Profits rose quickly. | Profits jumped by more than half. |
模板： [Subject] jumped [number] per cent / to [value]
例句： After the new policy was introduced, the city’s tourism revenue jumped by over 60%.
3. Far exceeding — 远超，分词结构的高级用法
原文出处： far exceeding already elevated forecasts of $77bn 中文解释： far exceeding 是现在分词短语作状语，相当于”which far exceeded”，但更简洁、更有”信息附加值”。学生作文里很少用分词结构，这是一个容易提分的点。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| …which was much higher than expected. | …far exceeding expectations. |
| The result was better than predicted. | The result was strong, far exceeding previous estimates. |
模板： …, far exceeding [comparison baseline]
例句： The company reported a 40% increase in revenue, far exceeding market analysts’ predictions.
4. Thanks to / thanks in large part to — 自然引出原因
原文出处： the past three quarters have been the biggest ever for the Mac, thanks in large part to the work-from-home trend 中文解释： thanks to 比 because of 更地道，带一点”归功于”的积极语气。thanks in large part to 是更详细的版本，强调”很大程度上因为”。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| Because of the new technology… | Thanks to the new technology… |
| This is because people work at home. | This is thanks in large part to remote work. |
模板： [Result], thanks to / thanks in large part to [cause]
例句： The school’s exam pass rate improved dramatically, thanks in large part to the new writing-focused curriculum.
5. With + 名词 + 动词-ing — 独立主格结构，地道且高级
原文出处： With cash continuing to pile up on its balance sheet, Apple announced a $90bn share buyback programme. 中文解释： “With + 名词/代词 + 动词-ing” 是英语里非常常用的独立主格结构，表示”在……的情况下”。它在语法上独立于主句，但为动作提供背景。学生如果能用上，语法层次会立刻上一个台阶。
| 学生写法 | 升级写法 |
|---|---|
| Because there was more money… | With more money piling up… |
| As the deadline was approaching… | With the deadline approaching… |
模板： With [noun] + [verb-ing], [main clause]
例句： With the final exam approaching, many students began to review their notes more seriously.
例句2： With technology developing at an unprecedented pace, traditional industries are being forced to adapt.
写在最后
从外刊学表达，最重要的不是背单词，而是看母语作者怎么把同一个意思用不同方式说出来。
今天这5个表达——surge, jump, far exceeding, thanks to, with…verb-ing——全部可以直接用在考场作文里。下次写数据变化、分析原因的时候，试着用一用。
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